Some Commonly Asked Questions
                      About EMC Measurement Units:

Units:

          E or V = Volts  (can use either, as per convention standards)
          R = Ohms (impedence/resitance)
          P = Power (Watts, dBm, mW, or W)
          dB = decibel ratio (log10) - all log's will be to base 10
          W = Watts = (E.E)/R
          u = micro = 10E-6 (for all units - E, R, P, or V)
          m = milli = 10E-3 (for all units - E, R, P, or V)
          dBm = decibel ratio of Watts  W to one milliwatt
                   = 10log10 (W/mW)
          dBuV = decibel ratio of Volts to one microvolt
                   = 20log10 {V/uV} or, for example, {E/uV}

Conversions for  50 ohm systems:

    1. To convert dBm  to dBuV add 107 dB:         dBuV = dBm + 107 dB
    2. To conver dBuV to dBm subtract 107 dB:     dBm = dBuV - 107 dB

Proof:
                 Remember, 0 dBm = 1 mW (milliwatt) = 0.001 Watts

        1.0         E = Square Root of (W x R) - assume R = 50 Ohms
                    Note: for dBm our reference will be  1 mW
        2.0         E  = Square Root (1mW* x  50 ohms) = 0.224 Volts
        3.0         dBuV = 20 log10 (0.224 Volts/1uV*) = 107 dBuV
        4.0          Therefore, 107 dBuV = 0 dBm in a 50 W system
        5.0         Using this as the scale factor:  dBm + 107 dB = dBuV
                                  *  Must be entered in Watts (0.001 or 1x10-3 W = 1 mW)
                                  * Must be entered in Volts (0.000001 or 1x10E-6 V = 1uV)
 
Caution:

One common mistake observed in using conversions is in summing or subtracting  powers.
Powers (Watts) can be added, voltages and log10 values cannot be added or subtracted.

As an example, in  case of a  50 Ohm system:

                        5 mW  =  7  dBm  = 114  dBuV  =  501.2 mV
                +      8 mW  =  9  dBm  = 116  dBuV  =  631.0 mV
                      13 mW  = 11 dBm  = 118  dBuV  =  794.3 mV

Where,  uV  stands  for  micro  Volts
          mV  stands  for  milli  Volts
 
Radiated Measurement Units:

                        uV/m = microvolts per meter = Field Strength
                        dBuV/m = decibel ratio referenced to a microvolt per meter = Field Strength
                        AF = Antenna Factor = losses associated with the receive antenna
                        CL = Cable Loss = signal loss within the transmission line/cable

    Field strength measurements are normally measured and calculated as follows:
          FS(dBuV/m) = Indicated Signal Level(dBuV)+AF(dB)+CL(dB)

Field strengths in microvolts per meter (mV/m) can be calculated by taking the inverse log of the field strength measured in dBuV/m. As an example:
 
                         FS(uV/m) = 10 raised  to  the  power  of {(dBuV/m)/20}

    where,

 FS = Field Strength in decibels above a microvolt per meter or in microvolts per meter
 Indicated Signal Level = signal level observed on the receiver (spectrum analyzer)
                    Note: usually read in dBuV, or in dBm and converted to dBuV.
AF = Antenna Factor (signal loss) in dB
CL = Cable Loss (signal loss) in dB

Unit Equivalent Cross-reference for 50 Ohm Systems
Unit Equivalent Cross-reference for 50 Ohm Systems            
dBm dBw dBuV Vrms dBuA Arms W
-100 -130 6.9897 2.24E-06 -26.9897 4.47E-08 1E-13
-99 -129 7.9897 2.51E-06 -25.9897 5.02E-08 1.26E-13
-98 -128 8.9897 2.82E-06 -24.9897 5.63E-08 1.58E-13
-97 -127 9.9897 3.16E-06 -23.9897 6.32E-08 2E-13
-96 -126 10.9897 3.54E-06 -22.9897 7.09E-08 2.51E-13
-95 -125 11.9897 3.98E-06 -21.9897 7.95E-08 3.16E-13
-94 -124 12.9897 4.46E-06 -20.9897 8.92E-08 3.98E-13
-93 -123 13.9897 5.01E-06 -19.9897 1E-07 5.01E-13
-92 -122 14.9897 5.62E-06 -18.9897 1.12E-07 6.31E-13
-91 -121 15.9897 6.3E-06 -17.9897 1.26E-07 7.94E-13
-90 -120 16.9897 7.07E-06 -16.9897 1.41E-07 1E-12
-89 -119 17.9897 7.93E-06 -15.9897 1.59E-07 1.26E-12
-88 -118 18.9897 8.9E-06 -14.9897 1.78E-07 1.58E-12
-87 -117 19.9897 9.99E-06 -13.9897 2E-07 2E-12
-86 -116 20.9897 1.12E-05 -12.9897 2.24E-07 2.51E-12
-85 -115 21.9897 1.26E-05 -11.9897 2.51E-07 3.16E-12
-84 -114 22.9897 1.41E-05 -10.9897 2.82E-07 3.98E-12
-83 -113 23.9897 1.58E-05 -9.9897 3.17E-07 5.01E-12
-82 -112 24.9897 1.78E-05 -8.9897 3.55E-07 6.31E-12
-81 -111 25.9897 1.99E-05 -7.9897 3.99E-07 7.94E-12
-80 -110 26.9897 2.24E-05 -6.9897 4.47E-07 1E-11
-79 -109 27.9897 2.51E-05 -5.9897 5.02E-07 1.26E-11
-78 -108 28.9897 2.82E-05 -4.9897 5.63E-07 1.58E-11
-77 -107 29.9897 3.16E-05 -3.9897 6.32E-07 2E-11
-76 -106 30.9897 3.54E-05 -2.9897 7.09E-07 2.51E-11
-75 -105 31.9897 3.98E-05 -1.9897 7.95E-07 3.16E-11
-74 -104 32.9897 4.46E-05 -0.9897 8.92E-07 3.98E-11
-73 -103 33.9897 5.01E-05 0.0103 1E-06 5.01E-11
-72 -102 34.9897 5.62E-05 1.0103 1.12E-06 6.31E-11
-71 -101 35.9897 6.3E-05 2.0103 1.26E-06 7.94E-11
-70 -100 36.9897 7.07E-05 3.0103 1.41E-06 1E-10
-69 -99 37.9897 7.93E-05 4.0103 1.59E-06 1.26E-10
-68 -98 38.9897 8.9E-05 5.0103 1.78E-06 1.58E-10
-67 -97 39.9897 9.99E-05 6.0103 2E-06 2E-10
-66 -96 40.9897 0.000112 7.0103 2.24E-06 2.51E-10
-65 -95 41.9897 0.000126 8.0103 2.51E-06 3.16E-10
-64 -94 42.9897 0.000141 9.0103 2.82E-06 3.98E-10
-63 -93 43.9897 0.000158 10.0103 3.17E-06 5.01E-10
-62 -92 44.9897 0.000178 11.0103 3.55E-06 6.31E-10
-61 -91 45.9897 0.000199 12.0103 3.99E-06 7.94E-10
-60 -90 46.9897 0.000224 13.0103 4.47E-06 1E-09
-59 -89 47.9897 0.000251 14.0103 5.02E-06 1.26E-09
-58 -88 48.9897 0.000282 15.0103 5.63E-06 1.58E-09
-57 -87 49.9897 0.000316 16.0103 6.32E-06 2E-09
-56 -86 50.9897 0.000354 17.0103 7.09E-06 2.51E-09
-55 -85 51.9897 0.000398 18.0103 7.95E-06 3.16E-09
-54 -84 52.9897 0.000446 19.0103 8.92E-06 3.98E-09
-53 -83 53.9897 0.000501 20.0103